Stereoscope.



v PATENTED FEB. 14,1905. c. L. PAPPENHAGEN.

STEREOSCDPE. APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 9, 1904.

. (June Mk0;

alts 011a I I'D @31 him 1 4) V UNITED STATES Patented February 14, 1905iPATENT OFFICE.

TO B. L. SINGLEY, OF MEADVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEREOSCOPE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 782,519, dated February14, 1905.

Application filed August 9, 1904. Serial No. 220,057.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. PAPPENHA- GEN, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, and a resident of Meadville, Crawford county,Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inStereoscopes,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates generally to stereo scopes, and has more particularreference to certain features, which will appear hereinafter.

One feature of my invention is the formation of the shaft which supportsand on which moves the picture-holder.

Lightness, resiliency, and strength are the chief qualities to bedesired in the shaft of the stereoscope. Metal plates forming a hollowshaft have been used in stereoscopes, and while they furnish a materialof suflicient strength they are unsatisfactory because of their weightor lack of elasticity. In usinga stereoscope it is quite desirable oressential that the picture he presented exactly at right angles to theline of vision. In other words, the picture-holder must present the viewin a position parallel with the lenses. In handling a stereoscope theshaft is peculiarly liable to strains, especially those torsional incharacter. If then the shaft be formed of rigid inaterial, a strain isliable to permanently distort it, thereby throwing the picture-holderout of its proper position in relation to the line of vision andrendering the stereoscope unsatisfactory or useless. The above-mentionedrequirements of a good stereoscope were best fulfilled by thewooden'shaft as used in the old-fashioned stereoscope. With the adoptionof metal for stereoscopes the wooden shaft was no longer used and in itsplace was substituted a shaft formed in various ways by metal plates.The wooden shaft was considered unsightly when used with aluminium hoodsand lens-frames, and, furthermore, no means.

were found for joining a wooden shaft to the metal parts of thestereoscope.

My invention therefore relates to means for securing the desirablequalities of a wooden shaft without losing the pleasing appearance of ametal stereoscope and for joining this have shown and claimed such apocket.

tion, parts beingv broken away. detail sectional view taken on line 00 mof Fig.

The pocket shown in the patent re have shown it the cost of manufactureis lessened, while all the desirable features of the single pocket areretained.

Inthe accompanying drawings I have illustrated my invention in apreferred form; but

I desire it .to be understood that I do not limit myself to thestructure and arrangement of parts there shown. Changes may of course bemade within the scope of the claims.

In the several views I have indicated like parts by like characters ofreference.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a horizontal view of a stereoscopeemploying my invention with parts shown in section, taken on the line inw of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a front eleva- Fig. 3 is a 2. Fig. 4 is a detailsectional view taken on line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 1s a detall sectionalview showing a modlfication used in connection with a shaft entirely ofwood. Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view taken on line 2 z of Fig. l andshowing the manner of uniting the ends of the hood.

In the drawingsI have shown a stereoscope similar in its generalfeatures of construction and. arrangement to that shown in my PatentNo." 756,692, above referred to.

In the drawings I have iridicatedtheh'ood by 1, having its rear edgebent back on'itself and of a contour conforming to the face of the user.The lens-frame 2 is bent slightly outward at its edge to engage with theflanged groove of the hood 3. The central portion of this lens-frame isstruck out preferably in an oblong form, as shown, andinwardly-projecting spurs or lugs 4c are left on the edges, the functionof which will appear later.' In this struck-out portion of thelens-frame sits a pocket 5 provided with marginal flanges 6, which fitsnugly over the edges of the struckout portion. This pocket is drawnfrom a single piece of metal, preferably aluminium, and projectsrearwardly. It may have a portion 7 indented forwardly,which allows forthe screw 8 binding the pocket to the septum. The pocket 5 is providedwith apertures for the lenses, and in its walls are openings 10. Thepocket being placed in the struck-out portion of the lens-frame, thelugs4 arebent over its marginal flanges 6, securing it firmly inposition. Into this pocket the lenses are inserted, and over them tokeep them from displacement fits the member-or spring-plate 11,conforming to the angles of the lenses and .having on its edges portionsor spurs 12, which engage with the openings in the walls of the pocket.The central portion of the springplate is of course open, so that itforms a frame for the lenses, and a portion 13 is so formed as to enablethe spring-plate to fit snugly against the rear face of the septum 14,forming, as it were, a bridge extending forwardly.

- The lens-frame at its lower edge is flanged, 15, and fits into agroove 16, formed in the inner edge of the shaft 17. While I have hereshown the lens-frame and shaft joined by a groove and flange, I desireto remark that I do not wish to be understood that I confine myself tothe specific means shown. If it should be desired to use a wooden shaftalone without aluminium covering, I insure the retention of the flangedportion of the lensframe in the groove of the shaft by some suitablemeans, as,'in Fig. 5, by binding-screws- 18 passing through a portionjofthe shaft and considered unsightly in connection with a metalstereoscope, I have shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 my means for avoidingsuch an appearance and at'the same time increasing the strength of theshaft. .In such case I employ an upper shaft-plate 19 and a lowershaft-plate 20, the former being curled in a head form over the edge ofthe shaft and brought snugly against the lower shaft-plate, as seen inFig. 2. The lower shaft-plate in such instance is joined to the hood bya transverse seam 21, formed at the lower portion of its surroundingedge. 7

In securing the hood in position it is Wrapped around thelens-frame, asis easily understood, and its ends may then be united in any suitablemannerfor instance, as in Fig. 6, where the contiguous ends 22 and 23are shown formed into a lock-joint or seam, each edge having opposedinterlocking hook-flanges.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In astereos'cope,the combination with a hood and lenses, of a shaft having its inner edgegrooved, and a lens-frame having a flanged portion adapted to engagewith the groove of the shaft.

2. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of, a shafthaving its inner edge grooved, a lens-frame having a flanged portionadapted to engage with the groove of the shaft, and means for retainingthe flanged portion of the lens-frame in engagement with the shaft.

V 3. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of ashaft having its inner edge grooved, a lens-frame having a flangedportion adapted to engage with the groove of the shaft andbinding-screws adapted to retain the flanged portion of the lens-framein engagement with the shaft.

4:. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood, lenses and alens-frame, of a shaft, an upper and a lower shaft-plate enveloping saidshaft, and cooperating means on the shaft and lens-frameadapted to unitesaid shaft and lensframe. a

5. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood, lenses and alens-frame,,of a shaft having its inner edge grooved and adaptedtoreceive therein a portion of the lens-frame, an upper and a lowershaft-plate enveloping said shaft, said lower shaft-plate being joinedto the hood by a transverse seam at the lower portion of its surroundingedge.

6. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of a shafthaving its inner edge grooved and a lens-frame having a flanged portionadapted to engage with the groove of the shaft, an upper and a lowershaft-plate enveloping the shaft, said lower shaft-plate being joined tothe hood by a transverse seam at the lower portion of its surroundingedge.

7. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of alens-frame having a flanged portion, a shaft, means adapted to securethe shaft to said portion of the lens-frame, an upper and a lowershaft-plate enveloping said shaft.

8. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of a shafthaving its inner edge grooved, a lens-frame having a flanged portionadapted to engage with the groove of the shaft,'means for retaining theflanged portion of the lens-frame in engagement with the shaft, an upperand a lower shaft-plate enveloping the shaft.

-9. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and .lenses, of ashaft having its inner edge grooved, a lens-frame having a flangedportion adapted to engage with the groove of the shaft, binding-screwsadapted to retain the flanged portion of the lens-frame in engagementwith the shaft, an upper and a lower shaft-plate enveloping the shaft.

10. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood, lenses and alens-frame, of ashaft, an upper and a lower shaft-plate enveloping saidshaft, said lower shaft-plate being joined to the hood by a transverseseam at the lower portion of its surrounding edge.

11. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood, lenses andalens-frame, of ashaft, an upper and a lower shaft-plate enveloping saidshaft, said lower shaft-plate being joined to the hood by a transverseseam at the lower por tion of its surrounding edge, and means adapted tounite said shaft and lens-frame.

12. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of a lensframe having a flanged portion, a shaft, means adapted to secure theshaft to said portion of thelens-frame, an upper and a lower shaft-plateenveloping said shaft, said lower shaft-plate being joined to the hoodby a transverse seam at the lower portion of its surrounding edge.

13. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of a shafthaving its inner edge grooved, a lens-frame having a flanged portionadapted to engage with the groove of the shaft, means for retaining theflanged portion I of the lens-frame in engagement with the shaft, anupper and a lower shaft-plate enveloping the shaft, said lowershaft-plate being joined to the hood by a transverse seam at the-lowerportion of its surrounding edge.

14. In a stereoscope, the combination with a hood and lenses, of a shafthaving its inner edge grooved, a lens-frame having a flanged portionadapted to engage with the groove of the shaft, binding-screws adaptedto retain the flanged portion of the lens-frame in engagement with theshaft, an upper and a lower shaft-plate enveloping the shaft, said lowershaft-plate being joined to the hood by a transverse seam at the lowerportion of its surrounding edge.

15. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having a removable pocket adapted .toreceive the lenses and extending rearwardly, said pocket having in itswalls a plurality of openings, a spring-plate conforming to the anglesof the lenses adapted to spring into the said pocket and to hold thelenses'in position and having extending spurs adapted to engage in theopenings in the wall of the pocket to. secure the said plate.

16. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having a removable pocket extendingrearwardly adapted to receive the lenses, a spring-plate conforming tothe angles of the lenses having a forwardly-extending bridge in itscentral portion and adapted to engage in said pocket and to hold thelenses in position.

17. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having a removable pocket extendingrearwardly adapted to receive the lenses, a spring-plate engage in saidpocket and to hold the lenses I against displacement and means adaptedto secure the spring-plate in position.

18. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struckout, a removable pocket having marginal flanges adapted to fitover theedges of the struck-out portion of the lensframe, said pocket beingadapted to receive the lenses, a member adapted to be secured in thesaid'pocket to hold the lenses in position and means adapted to hold thepocket in the struck-out portion of the lens-frame.

19. In astereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struck out,a removable pocket extending rearwardly having marginal flanges adaptedto fit over the edges of the struck-out portion of the lens-frame, saidpocket being adapted to receive the lenses, a spring-plate adapted to besecured in the said pocket to hold the lenses in position and meansadapted to hold the pocket in the struck-out portion of the lens-frame.

20. In astereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struck out,a removable pocket extending rearwardly and adapted to receive thelenses, having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of thestruck-out portion of the lens-frame, said pocket having in its walls aplurality of openings, a spring-plate conforming to the angles of thelenses adapted to spring into said pocket and to hold the lenses inposition and having a plurality. of extending spurs adapted to engage inthe openings in the wall of the pocket to secure the said plate, andmeans adapted to hold the pocket in the struck-out portion'of thelens-frame.

21. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struckout, a removable pocket extending rearwardly adapted to receive thelenses, having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of thestruck-out portion of the lens-frame, a spring-plate conforming to theangles of the lenses having a forwardly-ex tending bridge in its centralportion and adapted to engage in said pocket and to hold the lenses inposition, and means adapted to hold the pocket in the struck-out portionof the lens-frame. r

22. In astereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struck out,a removable pocket extending rearwardly adapted toreceive the lenses,having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of the struck-outportion of the lens-frame, a spring-plate conforming to the anglesv ofthe lenses havinga forwardly-extendingbridge in its central portion andadapted to engage in said pocket and to hold the lenses in position,means adapted to secure the spring-plate in position, and means adaptedto hold the pocket in the struck-out portion of the lens-frame.

IIO

23. In a stereosco pe, a lens-frame having its central portion struckout, aremovable pocket having marginal flanges adapted to fit over theedges of the struck-out portion of the lensframe, said pocket beingadapted to receive the lenses, a member adapted to be secured in thesaid pocket to hold the lenses in position and lugs formed on the edgesof the struckout portion of the lens-frame adapted to fit over themarginal flanges of the pocket to hold the latter in position.

24. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struckout, a removable pocket extending rearwardly having marginal flangesadapted to fit over the edges of the struck-out portion of thelens-frame, said pocket being adapted to receive the lenses, aspring-plate adapted to be secured in the said pocket to hold the lensesin position, and lugs formed on the edges of the struck-out portion ofthe lens-frame adapted to fit over the marginal flanges of the pocket tohold the latter in position.

25. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struckout, a removable pocket extending rearWardly and adapted to receive thelenses, having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of'thestruck-out portion of the lens-frame, saidpocket having in its Walls aplurality of openings, a spring-plate conforming to the angles of thelenses adapted to spring into said pocket and to hold the lenses inposition and having a plurality of extending spurs adapted to engage inthe openings in the Wall of the pocket to secure the said plate, andlugs formed on the edges of the struck-out portion of the lens-frameadapted to fit over the marginal flanges of the pocket to hold thelatter in position.

26. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struckout, a removable pocket extending rearwardly adapted to receive thelenses, having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of thestruck-out portion of the lens-frame, a spring-plate conforming to theangles of the lenses having a forwardlyextending bridge in its centralportion and adapted to engage in said pocket and to hold the lenses inposition, and lugs formed on the edges of the struck-out portion of thelensframe adapted to fit over the marginal flanges of the pocket to holdthe latter in position.

27. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having its I central portion struckout, a removable pocket ginal flanges of the pocket to hold the latterin position.

28. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having a removable pocket adapted toreceive the lenses and a member adapted to be secured in the said pocketto hold the lenses in position, said lens-frame having a flangedportion, a shaft having a groove at its inner edge adapted to receivethe flanged portion of the lensframe.

29, In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having a removable pocket extendingrearwardly adapted to receive the lenses, and a springplate adapted tobe secured in the said pocket to hold the lenses in position, saidlens-frame having a flanged portion, a shaft having a groove at itsinner edge adapted to receive the flanged portion of the lens-frame.

30. In a stereoscope,a lens-frame having its central portion struck out,a removable pocket extending rearwardly having marginal flanges.

adapted to fit over the edges of the struck-out portion of thelens-frame, said pocket being adapted to receive the lenses,a'spring-plate adapted to be secured in the said pocket to hold thelenses in position, and means adapted to hold the pocket in thestruck-out portion of the lens-frame, said lens-frame having a flangedportion, and a shaft having its inner edge grooved out adapted toreceive therein the flanged portion of the lens-frame.

81. In a stereoscope,a lens-frame having its central portion struckout,a removable pocket extending rearWardly and adapted to receive thelenses, having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of thestruck-out portion of the lens-frame, said pocket having in its Walls aplurality of openings, a spring-plate conforming to the angles of thelenses adapted to spring into said pocket and to hold the lenses inposition and having a plurality of extending spurs adapted to engage inthe openings in the Wall of the pocket to secure the said plate, lugsformed on the edges of the struck-out portion of the lens-frame adaptedto fit over the marginal flanges of the pocket to hold the latter inposition, said lens-frame having a flanged portion, and a shaft havingits inner edge grooved and adapted to receive therein the flangedportion of the lens-frame.

32. In a stereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struckout,a removable pocket extending rearWardly adapted to receive thelenses, having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of thestruck-out portion of the lens-frame, a spring-plate conforming to theangles of the lenses, having a forwardlyextending bridge in its centralportion and adapted to engage. in said pocket and to hold the lenses inposition, means adapted to secure the spring-plate in position, lugsformed on the edges of the struck-out portion of the lens-frame adaptedto fit over the marginal flanges of the pocket to hold the latter inposition, said lens-frame having a flanged por- IIS portion of thelens-frame.

33. In astereoscope, a lens-frame having its central portion struck out,a removable pocket extending rearwardlyadapted to receive the lenses,having marginal flanges adapted to fit over the edges of the struck-outportion of the lens-frame, a spring-plate conforming to the angles ofthe lenses, havinga forwardlyextending bridge in its central portion andadapted to engage in said pocket and to hold the lenses in position,means adapted to secure the spring-plate in position, lugs formed on theedges of the StIIlCkrOlltportion of the lens-frame adapted to fit overthe marginal flanges of the pocket to hold the latter in position, saidlens-frame having a flanged portion, a shaft having its inner edgegrooved and adapted to reeeive therein the flanged portion of thelens-frame, and means for retaining the flanged portion of thelens-frame in the groove of the shaft.

Signed at New York city this 8th day of August, 1904.

CHARLES L. PAPPENHAGEN.

Witnesses:

RAYMOND C. SPAULDING,

AXEL V. BEEKEN.

